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The Sugar Act of 1764 was specifically designed to regulate and streamline the collection of taxes on imported molasses, among other products, in the American colonies. This act aimed to reduce the previous tax on molasses but also enforced stricter measures to ensure that the tax was collected more effectively. The intent was to curb smuggling and to help pay off debts from the French and Indian War. By lowering the tax, the British government hoped to encourage legal importation of molasses and thereby increase revenue from taxes. This act played a significant role in the growing discontent among colonists, as it was interpreted as an infringement on their economic freedom and an example of taxation without representation.

In contrast, other acts mentioned in the options focused on different issues. The Stamp Act of 1765 imposed taxes on a wide range of printed materials and was more direct in its tax approach. The Currency Act restricted the colonies' ability to create their own currency, impacting their economy but not specifically targeting the tax on molasses. The Tea Act was primarily about the taxation of tea and granting a monopoly to the British East India Company, rather than focusing on molasses. Hence, the Sugar Act is accurately identified as the legislation that required the effective collection of taxes